ATI pediatrics proctored exam

Chapter 1: Family centered nursing care

1. Parenting styles

-Dictatorial or authoritarian:

-Parents try to control the child’s behaviors and attitudes through

unquestioned rules and expectations

-Ex: The child is never allowed to watch television on school nights

-Permissive:

-Parents exert little or no control over the child’s behaviors, and consult the

child when making decisions

-Ex: The child assists with deciding whether he will watch television

-Democratic or authoritative:

-Parents direct the child’s behavior by setting rules and explaining the reason

for each rule setting

-Ex: The child can watch television for 1 hr on school nights after

completing all of his homework and chores

-Parents negatively reinforce deviations form the rules

-Ex: The privilege is taken away but later reinstated based on new

guidelines

Chapter 2: Physical assessment findings

1. Vital signs

-Usually vital signs are all high except for BP

-Temperature:

-3 – 6 months 99.5

-1 year 99.9

-3 year 99.0

-5 years 98.6

-7 years 98.2

-9 – 11 years 98.1

-13 years 97.9

-Pulse:

-Newborn 80 – 180/min

-1 weeks – 3 months 80 – 220/min

-3 months – 2 years 70 – 150/min

-2 – 10 years 60 – 110/min

-10 years and older 50 – 90/min

-Respirations:

-Newborn – 1year 30 – 35/min

-1 – 2 years 25 – 30/min

-2 – 6 years 21 – 25/min

-6 – 12 years 19 – 21/min

-12 years and older 16 – 19/min

-Blood pressure:

-Low as a baby but increases the older they get

-Infants:

-Systolic: 65-78

-Diastolic: 41-52

2. Head

-Fontanels should be flat

-Posterior fontanel:

-Closes by 6-8 weeks

-Anterior fontanel:

-Closes by 12-18 months

3. Teeth

-Infants should have 6-8 teeth by 1 year old

-Children and adolescents should have teeth that are white and smooth, and begin

replacing the 20 deciduous teeth with 32 permanent teeth

4. Infant Reflexes

Stepping Birth to 4 weeks

Palmar Grasp Birth to 3 months

Tonic Neck Reflex (Fencer Position) Birth to 3 – 4 months

Sucking and Rooting Reflex Birth to 4 months

Moro Reflex (Fall backward) Birth to 4 months

Startle Reflex (Loud Noise) Birth to 4 months

Plantar Reflex Birth to 8 months

Babinski Reflex Birth to 1 year

Chapter 3: Health promotion of infants (2 days to 1 year)

1. Physical Development

-Weight:

-Doubled by 5 months

-Tripled by 12 months

-Quartered by 30 months

-Height:

-2.5 cm (1 in) per month for the first 6 months

-Length:

-Increases by 50% by 12 months

-Dentition:

-First teeth erupt between 6-10 months

2. Motor skill development

 1 Month

o Head lag

o Strong grasp reflex

 2 Months

o Lifts head when prone

o Holds hand in open position | Grasp reflex fades

 3 Months

o Raises head and shoulders when prone | Slight head lag

o No grasp reflex | Keeps hands loosely open

 4 Months

o Rolls from back to side

o Grasp objects with both hands

 5 Months

o Rolls from front to back

o Palmar grasp dominantly

 6 Months

o Rolls from back to front

o Holds bottle

 7 Months

o Bears full weight on feet | Sits, leaning forward on both hands

o Moves objects from hand to hand

 8 Months

o Sits unsupported

o Pincer grasp

 9 Months

o Pulls to a standing position | Creeps on hands and knees instead of crawling

o Crude pincer grasp | Dominant hand is evident

 10 Months

o Prone to sitting position

o Grasps rattle by its handle

 11 Months

o Walks while holding onto something | Walks with one hand held

o Places objects into a container | Neat pincer grasp

 12 Months

o Stands without support briefly | Sits from standing position without assistance

o Tries to build a two-block tower w/o success | Can turn pages in a book